Learning contradictions: does student social interaction occur in the middle of e-Learning?

During the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, distance learning is known to provide new numerous opportunities, in the interaction patterns between learning actors, in Indonesia. The inter-group competitive and collaborative learning methods have also been identified as options for increasing interaction, by paying attention to students' self-concepts. Based on being quantitative explanative, this research aims to determine the influence of both learning methods and the role of students' self-concept, on the interactions between members and groups. This research used non-parametric quantitative methods so moreover, 62 students were selected and divided into 2 classes, namely the control and experimental groups, each with 38 & 24 respondents, respectively. To determine the effect of competitive and collaborative methods between groups, as well as self-concept on students' social interactions, the authors use a two-way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was an influence of using collaborative learning methods on students with low self-concept towards their social interactions. However, there was no influence of students' self-concept toward their social interactions.

The effects of COVID-19 on perceived intergroup competition and negative intergroup outcomes.

This research examined the effects of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived Black-White intergroup competition and negative intergroup psychological outcomes. Two datasets (collected before [2018] and after the onset of [April, 2020] COVID-19) were combined (N = 2,131) for this research. The data provided support for the hypothesis that perceptions of Black-White intergroup competition, and subsequently perceptions of discrimination, behavioral avoidance, intergroup anxiety, and interracial mistrust would be higher after the onset of COVID-19. Three additional predictors, a perceived interracial competition manipulation, political orientation, and population density at the ZIP-code level were examined to test for main effects and moderation of COVID-19 effects. All three predictors exhibited main effects on focal outcomes, and political orientation moderated COVID-19 onset effects: effects were stronger for conservatives. Lastly, perceived intergroup competition mediated the effect of COVID-19 onset on the four focal outcomes.